Vector Industries is the largest business conglomerate in the Galaxy Federation and an integral part of modern civilization. It has facilities on nearly every planet in the Federation and is the chief manufacturer of Federation weapons, starships, medicine, entertainment and communications equipment. Vector is also involved in the production and distribution of almost every product, from food to computer hardware. It has a multitude of divisions, of which the core components are the First, Second and Third R&D Divisions.

Vector Industries has a very long history and its presence dates back to the Lost Jerusalem era. Vector even funded the Masuda expedition to Lake Turkana in Kenya which uncovered the Zohar. The founder and current CEO of Vector Industries is Wilhelm. Vector is also the employer of Shion Uzuki, who works in the First Division of Vector industries, who is also one of the main characters in the Xenosaga series. Although they have a front of being a legitimate business, Vector's apparent role in events involving the Gnosis and various other conspiracies indicates a grander motivation than profit. As Vector handles U.M.N. operations, and according to Xenosaga: A Missing Year, Gnosis use the U.M.N. to travel, as well as appear specifically in densely populated and public areas, strongly implies that someone is deliberately using the Gnosis, an act that is referred to in Episode III as Gnosis Terrorism and is one the primary factors in Shion Uzuki's resignation from the company.

In medical terms, a vector is an organism that transfers pathogens from one host to another, though if this has indications for Vector Industries as a carrier, specifically of the Gnosis attacks, remains to be clarified.